Detergent
is an amphiphilic compounds with well-segregated polar and apolar domains
that have measurable aqueous solubility as both aggregates and as monomers.
They belong to class of compound called surfactants, which are surface
active agents that reduce interfacial surface tension in mixtures (i.e., oil
and water) by adsorbing to interfaces. The surface active agents are
particularly effective in dislodging foreign matter from soiled surfaces and
retaining it in suspension.Components
Detergents, specially those used with water have different components such as:
- Surfactants : To emulsifies grease and to wet surfaces
- Abrasive : Mild abrasive to scour
- Additional substances : To balance pH and attain stability of other ingredients and acids
- Water Softener : To counteract the effect of "hardness" ions
- Oxidants : For bleaching, disinfection, and breaking down organic compounds
- Non-surfactant ingredients : To trap dirt in suspension
- Enzymes : To emulsify proteins, fats, or carbohydrates in stains or to modify fabric feel
- Corrosion Inhibitors : To counteract damage to equipment with which the detergent is used.
- Preservative : To prevent spoilage of other ingredients
- Other Ingredients : To modify foaming property, affect aesthetic properties of the item to be cleaned and reduce harm or produce benefits to the skin.
Mild Detergents - Hand Dish washing Liquid Detergent
Mild detergent contains surfactants that dissolve dirt and grease. It can be used in solution of warm to hot water to clean washable surfaces such as counter-tops, appliances, fixtures, floors.
* Note: Safe for washable surfaces and skin. High-sudsing, so do not put much in the solution, and rinse all suds off thoroughly.
Moderately Strong Detergents - Laundry Detergent Powder Uses
This type of detergents have both surfactant and builder to dissolve heavier soil and grease. Laundry detergent powder can be used in a solution of warm to hot water to clean washable surfaces where a stronger detergent is safe.
* Note: Most detergent powder contains washing soda as a builder and some are very alkaline, which can damage surfaces and harm skin with prolonged contact. Always rinse thoroughly. Do not use where mild detergent is recommended.
